With the rapid development of the Internet short-video platform, microvideo is increasingly attracting users because of its small traffic and time period. However, the content of microvideo on the Internet is complex, with illegal information. This research is an improved algorithm based on target detection technology, aiming at the characteristics of difficult character recognition in microvideo. The algorithm combines Gabor wavelet transform algorithm and 2D principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm and makes full use of video perception technology to realize character recognition in microvideo. Through MATLAB simulation analysis, it can be seen that the accuracy of the optimization algorithm proposed in this paper is 86.34% and the recognition time is 34.28s. Compared with the traditional PCA algorithm and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, the optimization algorithm proposed in this paper has better recognition rate and recognition efficiency.