Journal of Computational and Cognitive Engineering

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Manuscript Framework

AI-Driven Prediction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Livestock Supply Chains: Towards a Data-Driven Model for Sustainable Agri-food Systems

Volume
Volume 5
Issue Identifier
Issue No. 01
Publication Date
26 Sep 2025
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Abstract Scope

This greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mainly from enteric fermentation and manure management in livestock are mostly from copious methane (CH₄) and some nitrous oxide (N₂O). IPCC (International Panel on Climate Change) Tier 1 and Tier 2 emission prediction methods cannot provide details about where the emissions come from and are ineffective for different forms of agriculture. In our research, a machine learning model based on national agricultural data forecasts how much CH₄ and N₂O will be emitted from U.S. manure management. The performance of Random Forest Regression (RFR), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) was tested by using RMSE, MAE and R² as performance metrics. XGBoost performed better than SVR since its predictive results were better than reaching R² = 0.98. The analysis of feature importance found that livestock type, methods of managing manure and population density are the main factors leading to emissions. The models resulted in information that communities in various locations could use to improve their sustainability. An adaptable decision-making procedure is proposed by the research to assist environmental planning in the agri-food sector and to ensure that intelligent agricultural platforms can better manage GHG emissions. More research is needed to improve the model by studying additional aspects from the supply chain, covering both its upstream and downstream operations, to obtain a complete analysis of environmental results. Future work should aim to incorporate additional stages of the livestock supply chain and adopt explainable AI techniques to improve transparency and support realtime decision-making.